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Saudi-Iran ties on mend

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Recent developments in Saudi Arabia and Iran seems to be on an upswing and may lead to a better understanding amongst two old foes besides unfolding a new regional and global security paradigm.

It seems as if in this winter season, the ice between two largest Muslim countries i.e. Saudi Arabia and Iran, has started melting. One claims to be the leader of the Sunni domination, while the other is the Shia leader. Though this difference doesn’t hold any importance in difference of opinion between the two on various regional and global issues.

However, it seems that the current Saudi dispensation, led by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman is ready to forget the old enmity and forge a new relationship with its old foe.

This development also comes in the background of strained relations between the US and Saudi Arabia, on the issue of oil pricing and supply and defence cooperation.

Last week, the Iranian side also showed signs of reconciliation when Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian met with his Saudi counterpart, Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, in Jordan.

Amir-Abdollahian announced that Tehran is ready to reach an agreement with Western powers regarding its nuclear file if “red lines are respected.”

In a tweet, Amir-Abdollahian stated that he had a “friendly conversation” with his counterparts in neighbouring countries on the sidelines of the second Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Jordan, adding that that he met the foreign ministers of Jordan, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia at the event, adding that the Saudi minister asserted his country’s readiness to continue dialogue with Iran.

Saudi-Iran relations

Saudi Arabia cut off relations with Iran in 2016 after Iranian protesters attacked the Saudi Embassy in Tehran. The demonstrators were upset over Saudi Arabia executing Shia cleric Nimr al-Nimr.

Saudi Arabia and Iran have long been at odds over numerous regional issues, perhaps most prominently Iran’s nuclear program. The two countries are also on opposite sides of the Yemen civil war, with Saudi Arabia backing the internationally recognized government and Iran supporting the Houthi rebels.

In 2021, officials from Saudi Arabia and Iran began holding direct talks — facilitated by Baghdad — in an effort to reduce tensions. The bilateral dialogue continued in 2022 also.

Previously, Iraq hosted the fifth round of Saudi-Iran talks in April. There have been no rounds since then. In June, then-Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi said the talks had made “remarkable progress.” Iran delayed a sixth round of talks with Saudi Arabia in August due to the political instability in Iraq at the time.

Regional wire service Amwaj Media reported earlier that Saudi Arabia stopped the dialogue with Iran. This was due to concerns over Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, who replaced Kadhimi in October, according to Amwaj.

Kadhimi had a pro-US outlook, whereas Sudani is an ally of Iran-backed political forces in Iraq. Sudani said he hoped to continue hosting the dialogue upon taking office.

In December, The Associated Press had also reported that the dialogue had come to a halt. Citing Iraqi officials, the AP said that Iran felt that Saudi Arabia was instigating the widespread anti-government protests in Iran.

Amir-Abdollahian’s tweet is therefore significant because it seemingly signals that the dialogue could be back on.

Minister of Security Esmail Khatib said, in an interview to the website of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, that “our fate and the rest of the regional countries are interconnected”.

The Iranian Foreign Minister was accompanied in Amman by his deputy Ali Bagheri Kani Ali Bagheri.

Amir-Abdollahian held a two-hour meeting with Josep Borrell and Enrique Mora, the European Union’s foreign policy officials.

US-Iran tussle

Amir-Abdollahian announced that Tehran is ready to reach an agreement with Western powers regarding its nuclear file if “red lines are respected.”

“In the past two to three months, the US made hypocritical statements and took action that did not match their words,” he said about the nuclear talks.

Washington “has repeatedly claimed it is ready to take the final step of all parties returning to the agreement in Vienna, but they behaved hypocritically in the media”, he added.

Amir-Abdollahian stated that the parties to the talks are returning to “realism”, noting that if “red lines are respected, we are ready to take the final steps to reach an agreement.”

Analysts feel that Saudi Arabia is seeking an end to direct and indirect Iranian attacks on its territory, while Tehran wants better diplomatic relations with the Gulf due to Iran’s economic problems and also to create a wedge between Saudi Arabia and the United States.

It is expected that normalisation of ties between the two biggest Muslim nations may lead to grater regional stability, besides an increase in the influence of the middle-eastern bloc in the global politics. This may lead to a further refresh of the U.S. policy for the region, because if the two nations come together then it may translate into a more demanding and assertive bloc, challenging the American policy and strategy in the region, which seems to have faltered recently.

(Asad Mirza is a political commentator based in New Delhi.)

International News

US says Iran deal aims for broader regional peace

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Washington, June 13: The Trump administration said Friday that a proposed nuclear agreement with Iran is designed to support a broader regional peace framework involving Israel, Lebanon, Gulf states and Tehran, while preserving the right of all parties to defend themselves against future attacks.

The comments came as a senior administration official expressed growing confidence that a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Washington and Tehran could be signed within days.

While much of the discussion surrounding the proposed agreement has focused on Iran’s nuclear programme, the administration said the initiative extends beyond nuclear issues and seeks to reduce regional tensions that have fuelled conflict across West Asia for years.

According to the official, one of the central objectives of the agreement is to establish what was described as a long-term peace arrangement across the region.

“It guarantees a long-term peace in the region,” the official said during a background briefing.

The official said the framework would require Iran to stop supporting violence in the region while also ensuring respect for Iranian sovereignty.

The administration’s position was tested repeatedly during the briefing as reporters raised concerns about Israel’s security, Hezbollah’s activities in Lebanon and whether a future agreement could survive regional tensions.

Asked about Israeli concerns, the official said the United States had remained in close contact with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other Israeli leaders throughout the negotiating process.

“The President spoke with Bibi yesterday,” the official said.

The official expressed confidence that Israeli concerns would ease once the full details of the agreement became public.

“We feel confident that the deal that we’re actually going to strike, assuming we get there, is going to be a deal that everybody in the region can be comfortable with,” the official said.

The official said the broader framework would include Israel, Iran, Lebanon and Gulf countries.

“The broad regional peace agreement is broad,” the official said. “It includes Lebanon, it includes Iran, it includes the Gulf Coast countries, it includes Israel.”

The administration also sought to reassure regional partners that participation in the agreement would not limit their ability to respond to security threats.

“Obviously, that doesn’t mean they give up the right to self-defence,” the official said.

The official specifically cited the possibility of future attacks by Hezbollah or other Iran-backed groups as an example of circumstances in which countries would retain the right to act.

“If Hezbollah is firing rockets at Israel, and Iran is paying for missiles that are getting launched into Israel, then obviously they haven’t kept their end of the bargain,” the official said.

For that reason, the administration argued, the agreement links economic benefits for Tehran directly to its behaviour.

The official said Iran would receive economic incentives only if it fulfilled commitments related to both its nuclear programme and regional conduct.

“We expect the Iranians to be a real actor for peace,” the official said.

The administration also said enforcement mechanisms would be based on verification rather than assumptions about Iranian intentions.

“We don’t give anything up unless they do honour their end of the bargain,” the official said.

Asked about concerns that hardliners inside Iran or elements of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps could undermine the agreement, the official said the administration believes there is broad support for the deal within Iran’s political and security establishment.

“We actually feel quite confident that there is consensus within the system,” the official said.

The official acknowledged that ceasefires and peace arrangements often take time to stabilise and may face setbacks in the early stages.

“These things are always an evolution, they’re always a process,” the official said.

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International News

Trump says US, Iran close to finalising deal

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Washington, June 12: US President Donald Trump said that the United States and Iran are close to finalising an agreement that would bar Tehran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, raising the prospect of a signing ceremony within days and a broader easing of tensions across the Middle East.

Speaking at the White House, Trump said negotiations had advanced to the point where final documents were being prepared.

“We just made a great settlement of the war with Iran, and we’re going to be subject to finalization of documents, which should get done over the next few days,” Trump told reporters. “We have a deal that Iran will never have a nuclear weapon.”

Trump said the agreement could be signed “very soon,” possibly over the weekend in Europe, although he indicated Vice President JD Vance would represent the administration at any formal ceremony.

The President said he had spoken with leaders from several countries involved in the diplomatic effort, including Israel, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Kuwait.

A central element of the proposed deal, according to Trump, is Iran’s commitment to permanently forgo nuclear weapons.

“They will not purchase, develop in any way, any shape, in any way, shape or form a nuclear weapon,” he said. “They will not have a nuclear weapon.”

Asked whether Iran’s Supreme Leader had approved the arrangement, Trump replied: “Sir, I understand the answer is yes.”

Trump described the framework as “a very strong memorandum of understanding” and said it had been endorsed by countries with significant influence in the region.

“It’s a very detailed memorandum of understanding, also agreed to by many other countries that have great influence over them,” he said.

The President also said the maritime blockade linked to the conflict would end once the agreement is signed.

“The Strait will open as soon as we have it signed,” Trump said. “Maybe it’ll be Saturday or Monday.”

He claimed the United States had been conducting operations to secure shipping lanes through the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most important energy transit routes.

“We brought many, many ships across and millions, hundreds of millions of barrels of oil were brought across,” Trump said.

Trump argued that recent military pressure had altered Tehran’s calculations and increased its willingness to reach an agreement.

“They’ve taken a pounding,” he said. “They want to make the deal a lot more than I do.”

He further claimed that Iran’s military capabilities had been severely degraded during the conflict.

“Their navy is gone, their air force is gone, their anti-aircraft is gone,” Trump said. “But we found them to be rational and they’re going to make a deal.”

Throughout his remarks, Trump repeatedly returned to what he called the core objective of the negotiations.

“Iran will in no way, shape or form have a nuclear weapon or purchase a nuclear weapon,” he said.

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Crime

Wanted fugitive Ganesh Balaso Kale deported from Thailand, arrested at Mumbai Airport

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Mumbai, June 11: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on Thursday said that it has successfully secured the deportation of Red Notice subject Ganesh Balaso Kale from Thailand to India.

The deportation process was carried out in coordination with the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), and the Embassy of India in Bangkok.

According to the officials, Kale is wanted in connection with cybercrime fraud, in which victims were lured by the offer of online part-time jobs. They were asked to make certain deposits as monetary investments and were later defrauded.

Investigators said that the accused used to operate a network of cyber financial criminals by involving various unsuspecting persons in the scam. “He used to lure individuals by promising interest/commission in exchange for allowing the use of their bank accounts for the transfer of illicit funds and subsequently utilised such accounts to cheat multiple innocent victims,” the officials said.

“The subject also allegedly instructed co-accused persons to arrange mobile phones and procure fake SIM cards to facilitate the commission of offences,” the CBI officials added.

Based on the Interpol Red Notice, the accused was located in Thailand. He was detained by the Thai Authorities on May 24 in Bangkok. Following due legal proceedings and close coordination between Indian and Thai authorities, the accused was successfully deported to India.

Officials announced that a Red Corner Notice for Kale was issued in May. He was successfully located, apprehended, and returned to India within about 20 days of the notice.

On Thursday, the accused arrived at Mumbai Airport, where he was taken into custody by the Maharashtra Police’s Cyber Cell.

“The CBI, as the National Central Bureau for INTERPOL in India, coordinates with all Law Enforcement Agencies in India through BHARATPOL for assistance via INTERPOL channels,” officials said.

Investigators said that over 160 wanted criminals have been successfully brought back to India in the last few years through coordination between different agencies.

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