Business
Primary market scenario post April 2022
The world has been affected by Covid-19 for over 24 months now. However, capital markets used this opportunity and had a fantastic run during the same whether it be secondary markets or for that matter primary markets. A striking feature of primary market offerings during calendar year 2021 was the fact that the bulk of the offerings, as much as roughly 80 per cent was offer for sale. This OFS was dominated by PE investors who took advantage of the markets and sold their stake at unbelievable valuations. This was also the period when tech platform companies and new age companies hit the market. As usual, the market had its fair share of successes and failures.
The driving force behind the listing gains was the oversubscription witnessed across companies barring a handful. This oversubscription came at a cost- the cost of funding the application and this got built into the listing price. This gave a feeling that the issue did well post listing. In reality, most of these companies have lost sharply from their highs and have given up a large part of their gains. Physical events of companies launching their roadshows had stopped and they had become digital with Zoom webinars being the way. This system had its advantages and disadvantages with time to complete being reduced to just one day. Further it gave an unfair advantage to merchant bankers and promoters as conferences were conducted behind an effective censor board in the form of a moderator and tough questions being simply avoided.
An interesting incident was in the Zomato digital event where the company made its entire presentation in US dollars forgetting the basic fact that in an Indian issue, the currency of subscription is Indian Rupees. Fortunately, no other such event has happened thereafter thankfully.
Let us move to April 2022. The scenario has changed completely. There are new regulations imposed by RBI and SEBI. RBI has introduced a ceiling on the amount of money that can be lent by an NBFC against application at an upper cap of Rs 1 crore. This means every HNI can borrow just one crore each. This would mean in simple terms that the HNI portion which has seen oversubscriptions of 200-600 times would just not happen. The method of controlling this lending would be the PAN card. The second thing would be that this oversubscription came at a cost. The cost of funding. When there is no leveraging, there is no cost of funding. This would have a dramatic impact on the unofficial but rampant grey market. Premiums there would crash and the obnoxious returns made on listing would simply vanish. This would put pressure on subscriptions from other categories as well. The day when an IPO for Rs 1,000 crore garnered subscription across categories of Rs 40,000-60,000 would just stop.
SEBI has split the HNI bucket of 15 per cent into two with the first bucket of 5 per cent for application between 2 lakhs to 10 lakhs. The remaining 10 per cent is for applications which are greater than Rs 10 lakhs. The allotment in these categories in case of oversubscription would be on basis of lots like retail. This implies that allotment would be uniform to all applicants of the base lot size which would be Rs 2 lakhs and 10 lakhs as the case maybe on basis of lottery. In case of undersubscription, allotment would be on normal basis where the applicant would get shares on the basis of his subscription.
The other major change is with respect to anchor allocation and lock-in. Half the shares allotted to anchors would be locked for 30 days while the balance half would be locked in for 90 days. This would make anchor investors seek comfort on the pricing of IPO’s and indirectly seek comfort that the issue is reasonably priced so that they do not go under during the mandatory lock-in period.
Let us look at the HNI bucket with an example. For assumption we take a size of the primary offering which could include fresh issue and offer for sale of Rs 1,000 crore. Fifty per cent of the issue would be for QIB’s, 15 per cent for HNI’s and the balance 35 per cent for retail. Of the 50 per cent for QIB’s, 60 per cent would be for anchors. In this example, Rs 300 crore would be for anchors with Rs 150 crore of shares being locked in for the customary 30 days and balance Rs 150 crore for the new period of 90 days. Any anchor would now take a view that his invested price or issue price should not go below the issue price in 90 days. This would give additional comfort to other investors hopefully.
HNI bucket of 5 per cent for Rs 2 lakhs to 10 lakhs would mean Rs 50 crore. This would require 2,500 applications of Rs 2 lakhs to be subscribed on lots. The larger bucket of 10 per cent or Rs 100 crore would require 1,000 applications of Rs 10 lakhs to be subscribed. When the allotment is capped at this system unlike the earlier proportionate, many large applications would be deterred until and unless on the last day just before closing time there is a feeling that the issue may not get subscribed in the HNI category. Then people would look at the issue and make larger applications than 10 lakhs.
In the new scheme of things there would be two major factors which would see a change. The first is subscription levels where three-digit subscription levels in HNI category would be a thing of the past. Second would be as far as premiums are concerned. They would fall significantly as there is no logical cost of interest which could decide the logical premium. The impact of these two factors combined should put pressure on pricing by merchant bankers and promoters.
As an analyst, a person like me would be very happy that management and merchant bankers would now have to justify valuations rather than take the easy way out of suggesting that there is a 50-60 per cent grey market premium. If you feel the price is high, sell in the grey market.
Interesting times ahead for primary markets which will learn to evolve with these changes as well.
Business
Sensex, Nifty open lower as crude oil prices rise; IT and auto stocks drag

Mumbai, Sep 8: Indian equity benchmarks opened lower on Tuesday weighed by elevated crude prices with selling in IT and auto shares amid concerns over a possible US Federal Reserve rate hike this month.
Nifty 50 opened 36.05 points or 0.15 per cent lower at 23,743.10, while Sensex fell over 150 points or 0.21 per cent to 75,970.28.
Among sectoral indices, Nifty IT and Nifty Auto were top losers and plunged up to around 1 per cent in early trade. Nifty Oil & Gas fell 0.48 per cent, followed Nifty Private Bank which declined 0.39 per cent. On the other hand, Nifty Metal rose 0.45 per cent.
The market is now in its fifth week of a slow but steady downtrend, market experts said, citing elevated crude prices, selling in IT stocks, Fed rate hike fears and liquidity being absorbed by a booming IPO market.
They said the weakness in largecap stocks despite improving fundamentals could create opportunities for investors while a possible reversion to the mean in midcap and smallcap stocks may facilitate a rally in fundamentally sound largecaps.
“Instead of trying to time the market, investors can think about changing the weightage of portfolios towards largecaps where the risk-reward is favourable,” according to them.
Technically, the Nifty is expected to find resistance at 23,860, while 23,720 is seen as an immediate downside marker. A break below that level could expose supports at 23,570 and 23,260, the analysts said.
In addition, Asian markets traded mixed in morning trade on Tuesday lacking a clear direction amid uneven regional economic data and renewed concerns over Iranian threats in the Persian Gulf.
Crude oil prices continued to climb as concerns over an extended Middle East conflict intensified after Iran warned of retaliatory action against any fresh US strikes on its assets, raising fears of potential supply disruptions.
Business
Maha govt forms tender committee to set up NBFC for ‘Viksit Maharashtra 2047’ credit need

Mumbai, Sep 7: In a major move to boost its long-term development plans, the Maharashtra government on Monday constituted a specialised tendering committee to oversee the creation and operationalisation of a dedicated State financial institution.
Registered as a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), this entity is designed to cater to the state’s massive estimated infrastructure credit requirement of Rs 25–35 lakh crore over the next decade under the ‘Viksit Maharashtra 2047’ blueprint.
According to a Government Resolution (GR) issued by the Finance Department, the newly formed multi-disciplinary committee will drive the selection process for an expert advisory agency.
The procurement will follow a two-stage evaluation process — starting with an Expression of Interest (EoI) for shortlisting followed by a Request for Proposal (RFP) for final selection.
The initiative targets standardising funding channels to support the state’s ambitious Rs 25–35 lakh crore infrastructure push over the coming ten years.
The Maharashtra government hopes the state economy to become $1 trillion by 2029-30 and $5 trillion by 2047.
The state government’s move to raise funds worth Rs 25 to 30 lakh crore needed to achieve ‘Viksit Maharashtra 2047’ vision through NBFC is important due to constraints in raising funds during the volatile market conditions.
“Of the credit need of Rs 25-30 lakh crore, Rs 10-12 lakh crore are proposed for Metro expansion (Mumbai Metropolitan Region at Pune in Nagpur), Coastal Road extensions, Shaktipeeth and Ring Expressways, Vadhavan Port connectivity, Rs 3.5-4.5 lakh crore for Solar/wind generation, pumped storage projects, grid modernisations, and 24×7 rural water supply grids, Rs 3-4 lakh crore for AI Innovation cities, semiconductor clusters, auto/EV manufacturing zones, and logistics parks, Rs 1 lakh crore for island tourism, coastal cruises, fort conservation, and luxury resort hubs and Rs 1.5 lakh crore for the upgradation of smart villages, micro-irrigation networks, and rural cold-chain logistics.”
Stage 1 involves pre-qualification via an EoI response, while Stage 2 will consist of technical presentations and financial bidding under an request for proposal (RFP).
A four-member high level committee has been formed to ensure transparency, neutrality, and statutory compliance under the Companies Act, 2013.
The committee comprises key officials from administrative, legal, and finance sectors to maintain rigorous oversight.
The committee will be chaired by Finance Department Secretary (Financial Reforms) as Chairman/Presiding officer for administrative alignment and financial restructuring approvals, representative of law and judiciary (minimum deputy secretary rank as member (Legal) to provide legal oversight for company incorporation, Memorandum of Association and Article of Association vetting, and Companies Act compliance, expert nominated from RBI Bank or leading public sector bank to bring in specialised domain expertise in banking and NBFC operations and the Finance Department Deputy Secretary as member secretary to manage documentation, official correspondence, and state e-tendering.
The committee has been tasked with clear responsibilities throughout the procurement lifecycle to review and approve pre qualification and eligibility criteria for the expression of interest, open and verify state e-portal EoI submissions, evaluating candidate “Approach Notes”, and conducting technical presentations, finalise a shortlist of advisory firms scoring 70 marks or higher to advance to the RFP phase and oversee RFP technical/financial evaluations, analyse commercial bids, and submit final recommendations to the state government for selecting a single advisory partner agency.
Business
Sensex, Nifty decline 0.5 pc as IT, metal, PSU bank shares drag markets

Mumbai, Sep 7: Indian benchmark equity indices ended lower on Monday, weighed down by sharp declines in IT, metal, PSU bank and media stocks amid escalating geopolitical tensions, volatility in oil prices and growing concerns over monetary tightening.
The Sensex fell 382.62 points, or 0.5 per cent, to close at 76,132.81, while the Nifty declined 118.55 points, or 0.5 per cent, to 23,779.15.
Commenting on Nifty technical outlook, experts said that on the upside, the 23,800 zone, which had previously acted as an important support during earlier declines, is now likely to serve as the immediate resistance level.
“However, the 24,000 mark remains the key psychological hurdle. Unless the index decisively reclaims and sustains above this level, selling pressure at higher levels is likely to persist, keeping the overall technical structure weak,” a market expert noted.
“On the downside, 23,750–23,700 zone remains the immediate support, based on today’s intraday low. A decisive closing below this level could intensify selling pressure and expose the index to the 23,600 region,” an analyst mentioned.
Selling pressure was particularly visible in several heavyweight stocks, with Infosys, SBI Life Insurance Company and HDFC Life Insurance Company emerging as the top losers on the Nifty index.
The broader market also remained subdued, although the decline was relatively contained. The Nifty MidCap index fell 0.46 per cent, while the Nifty SmallCap index managed to edge up 0.02 per cent.
Among sectoral indices, IT and metal stocks came under significant pressure, while PSU banks, realty and media shares also underperformed the broader market. The weakness in these sectors reflected a cautious investor mood amid concerns over the impact of geopolitical developments, fluctuations in crude oil prices and the possibility of tighter monetary conditions.
On the other hand, pharma and healthcare stocks bucked the broader trend and outperformed, providing some support to the market.
Experts said that the market remained sensitive to global developments as investors assessed the potential economic and inflationary impact of geopolitical tensions and higher oil price volatility.
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