Business
Modi 3.0 Budget 2024: From ₹401 Crores In 1952-53 To ₹47,65,768 Crores In 2024-25, The Budget Expenditure Journey Of India
As the nation eagerly awaits with several expectations, the Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will present the Budget 2024 on July 23 (Tuesday) in Lok Sabha. Ahead of the Budget presentation, Sitharaman today, July 22, tabled the Economic Survey 2023-2024 in the parliament as the session kicked off.
This budget will also set a record for Sitharaman by marking her presentation of the highest number of budget in the parliament, that is, a total of seven in a row.
The markets, investors and various sectors across will keenly watch the budget and the allocations.
With several expectation across various sectors, OMRON Healthcare India, Managing Director, Tetsuya Yamada, added, “India’s healthcare system faces a significant challenge due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). India has more than 220 million people who suffer from high blood pressure, but a WHO study showed that only 15% of them receive treatment.”
“We hope that the government will keep in mind the importance of implementing policies and promoting widespread knowledge of preventive care, which can reduce the burden of costs for hospitalization and surgery,” he added.
Furthermore, he noted, “We anticipate that the Union Budget 2024-25 will reflect a forward-thinking approach including preventive care at home, aligning with industry needs, and ultimately establishing a resilient and advanced healthcare framework.”
Here is the breakdown of the budget expenditure since independence:
The Early Years- 1952-1960
In the early period of post-independence, the country’s budget expenditure was relatively the lowest compared to the recent. It stood at Rs 401 crores in 1952-53 and by the 1959-60 period, the expenditure doubled to Rs 839 crores.
The 1960s: Laying the Foundations
Continuing the upward trend, the budget expenditure reached Rs 980 crores in 1960-61 with many significant allocations in various sectors such as agriculture, industry, and defence.
Furthermore, it crossed the Rs 1,000 crore mark for the first time in 1961-62 at Rs 1,024 crores and the decade ended with the budget at Rs 3,388 crores in 1969-70.
The 1970 period
Although facing with many economic challenges during the 1970s period, including the inflation and global oil crises, the budget expenditure rose from Rs 3,781 crores in 1970-71 to Rs 12,048 crores in 1979-80.
The 1980s: Economic Liberalisation Begins
Reflecting a shift towards modernisation and industrial growth trend, in 1980-81 it reached Rs 13,310 crores and later then crossed the Rs 1 lakh crore mark in 1985-86 at Rs 1,03,844 crores.
By the end of the decade, the expenditure had reached Rs 82,161 crores in 1989-90.
The 1990s: Liberalisation and Expansion
The economic liberalisation period, the 1990s was a watershed moment for India, and the budget expenditure increased from Rs 1,13,422 crores in 1991-92 to Rs 2,83,882 crores in 1999-2000.
The 2000s: Growth and Global Integration
The new millennium with the continued upward trajectory, the budget expenditure stood at Rs 3,38,487 crores in 2000-01 and crosed the Rs 1 lakh crore mark several times over by 2009-10, reaching Rs 10,20,838 crores.
The 2010s – Digital Revolution and Social Welfare
The digital revolution era, the budget expenditure in 2010-11 was Rs 11,08,749 crores. By 2019-20, the expenditure had surged to Rs 27,86,349 crores.
The 2020s: Resilience Amidst Challenges
The 2020s period began with unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic but despite this, the budget grew from Rs 30,42,230 crores in 2020-21 to Rs 47,65,768 crores in 2024-25.
Business
38 Railways projects worth Rs 89,780 crore sanctioned in Maharashtra: Centre

New Delhi, Dec 20: A total of 38 railway projects (11 new lines, 2 gauge conversion and 25 doubling) of a total length of 5,098 kms and costing Rs 89,780 crore have been sanctioned in Maharashtra (as on April 1, 2025), the government said on Saturday.
During the last three fiscals — 2022-23, 2023-24, 2024-25 and the current financial year 2025-26 — 98 surveys (29 New Line, 2 Gauge Conversion and 67 Doubling) of total length 8,603 km falling fully/partly in the state of Maharashtra, have been sanctioned, it said.
“Further, construction works on the flagship High-Speed Bullet Train project have gathered momentum in Maharashtra. Now 100 per cent of land acquisition has been completed. Works on bridges, aqueducts, etc. have been taken up,” the Railways Ministry said in a statement.
In addition, platform extension work at 34 stations to accommodate 15-car EMUs has been taken up.
To improve the capacity of the rail network in the Mumbai suburban area, the Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP)-II costing Rs 8,087 crore, MUTP-III costing Rs 10,947 crore, and MUTP-IIIA costing Rs 33,690 crore have been sanctioned.
To enhance passenger carrying capacity, 238 rakes of 12 cars each with doors have been sanctioned under MUTP-III and IIIA at a cost of Rs 19,293 crore. The process for the procurement of these rakes has been taken up.
With Western DFC also passing through Maharashtra, as about 178 route km of it or about 12 per cent of the overall route length, falling in the state, the ministry said that “about 76 km of this project from New Gholvad to New Vaitarna in Maharashtra has already been commissioned. Balance works have been taken up. Connectivity of WDFC to JNPT will boost the capacity to handle cargo and container traffic from the port to Delhi NCR”.
Presently, about 120 originating Mail/Express trains and about 3,200 suburban trains are handled daily in the Mumbai area.
Business
Indian indices end week in bullish tone over positive global cues

Mumbai, Dec 20: Indian equity benchmarks closed on a strong note this week, snapping a four-day losing streak amid positive global cues stemming from US inflation data.
The market ended the week in a bullish tone with Nifty surging 0.18 per cent during the week and 0.58 per cent on the last trading day to 25,966, after a softer US CPI print boosted expectations of a milder Fed stance.
At close, the Sensex was up 447.55 points or 0.53 per cent at 84,929.
Indian equities were traded in a cautious tone for most of the week, weighed down by persistent FII outflows, rupee depreciation, and heightened global uncertainties.
Further, early sessions also saw pressure from rising Japanese bond yields and expectations of Bank of Japan (BoJ) tightening, which amplified risk-off sentiment across emerging markets.
Bargain hunting and lower crude prices helped large caps drive a late rebound, trimming most of the week’s losses, market watchers said.
Broader indices also rose marginally during the week, with the Nifty Midcap100 up 0.04 per cent, while Nifty Smallcap100 was unchanged during the week. It gained 1.34 per cent at the close.
On the sectoral front, all sectors traded with a positive bias. Major contributions came from Nifty Realty, Auto, Healthcare, and Chemicals, while other sectors also posted modest gains.
Nifty has 26,200-26,300 as stiff resistance levels while 25,700–25,800 levels will act as support zone, they added.
Analysts said markets will likely maintain a cautiously positive bias in near future but remain highly sensitive to global cues.
Key drivers going forward include comments from the global central banks for the 2026 policy trajectory. While sentiment remains constructive, near-term volatility may persist amid uncertainty over trade deal timelines and the Indian rupee stability, they added.
Business
Nifty to touch 29,094 in 12 months supported by durable earnings, strong macro backdrop

New Delhi, Dec 19: India’s benchmark index Nifty is expected to touch 29,094 in one year based on long‑term valuation averages and earnings durability, a report said on Friday.
Wealth management firm PL Wealth said in the report that India enters the end of 2025 from a position of relative macro strength with record‑low inflation, a dovish monetary stance, resilient domestic demand and improved corporate earnings visibility.
“In the near term, large-cap stocks remain preferred due to their earnings stability and strong balance sheets, while selective exposure to high-quality mid-cap names is being added as visibility improves,” the wealth management firm cited its strategy.
Over the next 6 to 24 months, the earnings cycle is expected to broaden across consumption, financials, capex-linked sectors and select industrials, supported by benign inflation, lower interest rates and sustained domestic liquidity.
“India’s current macro configuration is among the most constructive we have seen in over a decade,” said Inderbir Singh Jolly, CEO, PL Wealth Management.
While global uncertainties will continue to create short-term volatility, India’s structural strengths—policy reform, financialisaton of savings and improving corporate balance sheets—position it well for sustained long-term growth, Inderbir added.
RBI’s 25 basis‑point cut to a 5.25 per cent policy repo rate lowered its CPI inflation projections and upgraded GDP growth estimates, signalling confidence in the sustainability of domestic demand, the report said.
The firm also noted FY26 GDP growth projection of 7.3 per cent underpinned by robust infrastructure spending, resilient consumption and key policy measures such as GST rationalisation and income-tax cuts.
The FY26 September quarter earnings season delivered broad-based strength, with several sectors—including hospitals, capital goods, cement, electronics manufacturing services, ports, NBFCs and telecom—reporting double-digit growth in EBITDA and profits.
The firm noted that Nifty earnings per share estimates for FY26–FY28 imply an earnings CAGR of nearly 14 per cent. Domestic institutional investors have anchored markets with record net inflows of over Rs 6.8 trillion year‑to‑date.
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