Business
Four Labour Codes are most progressive reforms for workers since Independence: PM Modi
New Delhi, Nov 21: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday said the government has given effect to the Four Labour Codes, which are one of the most comprehensive and progressive labour-oriented reforms since Independence.
“It greatly empowers our workers. It also significantly simplifies compliance and promotes Ease of Doing Business,” the Prime Minister remarked.
He said that these Codes will serve as a strong foundation for universal social security, minimum and timely payment of wages, safe workplaces and remunerative opportunities for our people, especially ‘Nari Shakti and Yuva Shakti’.
“It will build a future-ready ecosystem that protects the rights of workers and strengthens India’s economic growth. These reforms will boost job creation, drive productivity and accelerate our journey towards a Viksit Bharat,” he added.
The four labour codes include the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, with effect from November 21, rationalising 29 existing labour laws.
With the implementation of the Labour Codes, it has now become mandatory for employers to issue appointment letters to all workers, which provides written proof to ensure transparency, job security, and fixed employment. Earlier, no mandatory appointment letters were required.
Under Code on Social Security, 2020, all workers, including gig and platform workers, will get social security coverage. All workers will get PF, ESIC, insurance, and other social security benefits. Earlier, there was only limited security coverage.
Under the Code on Wages, 2019, all workers will receive a statutory right minimum wage payment which wages and timely payment will ensure financial security. Earlier, minimum wages applied only to scheduled industries or employments; large sections of workers remained uncovered.
The Labour codes also ensure that employers must provide all workers above the age of 40 years with a free annual health check-up and promote a timely preventive healthcare culture. Earlier, there was no legal requirement for employers to provide free annual health check-ups to workers.
The codes also make it mandatory for employers to provide timely wages, to ensure financial stability, reducing work stress and boosting the overall morale of the workers. Earlier, there was no mandatory compliance for employers’ payment of wages.
The new law permits women to work at night and in all types of work across all establishments, subject to their consent and required safety measures. Women will also get equal opportunities to earn higher incomes in high-paying job roles. Earlier, women’s employment in night shifts and certain occupations was restricted.
The new codes also extend ESIC coverage and benefits pan-India – voluntary for establishments with fewer than 10 employees, and mandatory for establishments with even one employee engaged in hazardous processes.
Social protection coverage will be expanded to all workers. Earlier, ESIC coverage was limited to notified areas and specific industries; establishments with fewer than 10 employees were generally excluded, and hazardous-process units did not have uniform mandatory ESIC coverage across India.
The codes also ease the compliance burden for workers by providing for single registration, a PAN-India single license and a single return. Earlier, multiple registrations, licenses and returns across various labour laws were required.
Business
Nifty, Sensex post notable gains this week over easing crude prices, US-Iran talks

Mumbai, May 23: Indian equity benchmarks posted notable gains during the week as sentiments improved over easing crude oil prices and reports of indirect US–Iran talks.
Nifty gained 0.32 per cent during the week and added 0.27 per cent on the last trading day to reach 23,719. At close, Sensex was up 231 points or 0.31 per cent at 75,415. It advanced 0.24 per cent during the week.
“Despite the rebound, investors largely remained cautious, with limited conviction at higher levels continuing to cap upside momentum,” an analyst said.
The IT sector stood out as a clear outperformer, benefiting from attractive valuations following the recent correction.
Realty, cement, and private banks also held up while FMCG and consumer durables underperformed as concerns of WPI pass-through weighed on margins.
Midcap indices outperformed benchmark indices, as Nifty Midcap100 added 1.36 per cent, while Nifty Smallcap100 gained 0.41 per cent during the week.
The rupee found much-needed support as crude prices exhibited a modest pullback over persistent efforts to ease Middle East tensions.
However, fears of tightening monetary policy amidst expectations of higher input inflation provided an upward push for domestic bond yields, analysts said.
The US 30-year Treasury yield climbed to its highest level since 2007 during the week, reflecting growing concerns around sticky inflation, elevated energy prices and rising macroeconomic uncertainty.
It reinforced concerns that higher-for-longer interest rates could continue to pressure global liquidity conditions and risk assets.
Nifty 50 is expected to see the 23,800–24,000 region as a strong resistance zone and the 23,400–23,300 region remains a crucial support area, market participants said.
In Bank Nifty, immediate resistance is placed around the 54,200 level and the 53,600–53,500 region continues to act as an immediate support zone.
Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) largely remained net sellers, with cumulative outflows at around Rs 7,570 crore, a market participant said.
Investors remain keen on cues from India’s April IIP print, which will offer clues on whether recent manufacturing softness is a passing or persistent concern.
The RBI’s June policy decision and the US core PCE data are also key triggers for the market. A higher PCE print would push back expectations of US Fed rate cuts, limiting the prospect of meaningful FII inflows into emerging markets.
Business
Fuel Prices Rise Again: Petrol Nears ₹109/Litre, Diesel Crosses ₹95 In Mumbai After 3rd Hike In 10 Days Amid Global Oil Tensions

Mumbai: Mumbaikars were hit with another fuel price shock on Saturday as petrol and diesel rates were increased yet again, marking the third hike this month amid rising global crude oil prices and ongoing tensions in West Asia. With the latest revision, petrol in Mumbai is now inching closer to the Rs 109-per-litre mark, while diesel has crossed Rs 95 per litre.
State-run oil companies raised petrol prices by 87 paise per litre and diesel by 91 paise per litre across major cities. In Mumbai, petrol prices climbed from Rs 107.62 to Rs 108.49 per litre, while diesel rose from Rs 94.11 to Rs 95.02 per litre, according to an ANI report quoting sources.
The latest increase comes just days after fuel prices were hiked by around Rs 3 per litre on May 16, followed by another nearly 90-paise revision on May 19. Overall, petrol and diesel prices have surged by almost Rs 5 per litre within a week, putting additional pressure on commuters, transporters and households already battling inflation.
The repeated hikes are expected to majorly impact Mumbai’s daily economy, especially local transport operators, cab drivers, delivery services and small businesses dependent on fuel-intensive logistics. The rising transportation costs have also triggered fresh price increases in vegetables, milk, groceries and other essential commodities across the city.
The increase also comes amid growing concerns over global crude oil supply disruptions due to the ongoing geopolitical tensions in West Asia and fears surrounding the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical oil transit routes. India imports nearly 85 per cent of its crude oil requirements, making domestic fuel prices highly sensitive to international market fluctuations.
A day before the latest revision, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas had attempted to calm panic among consumers by assuring that the country has adequate fuel stock and that supply chains remain stable despite rising demand.
“India has adequate availability of petrol and diesel. Supplies across the country continue to remain stable. Citizens are advised to avoid panic buying and purchase fuel only as per actual requirement,” the ministry said in an official statement. Officials also stated that oil marketing companies are continuously monitoring fuel distribution to prevent shortages at retail outlets.
Apart from Mumbai, fuel prices also rose sharply in other metro cities. In Delhi, petrol reached Rs 99.51 per litre while diesel climbed to Rs 92.49. Kolkata recorded petrol prices at Rs 110.64 and diesel at Rs 97.02, while Chennai saw petrol touching Rs 105.31 per litre.
The latest fuel hike is likely to further intensify inflationary concerns in Mumbai, where rising milk, bread and transportation costs have already increased pressure on household budgets in recent weeks.
Business
Sensex, Nifty post mild gains over hopes of US-Iran deal

Mumbai, May 22: The Indian equity markets posted mild gains early on Friday tracking positive global cues, over optimism regarding US-Iran peace negotiations.
As of 9.23 am, Sensex added 307 points, or 0.41 per cent, to reach 75,491 and Nifty gained 89 points, or 0.38 per cent to reach 23,744.
Main broad-cap indices showed divergence with the benchmark indices, as the Nifty Midcap 100 added just 0.06 per cent, and the Nifty Smallcap 100 lost 0.02 per cent.
Sectoral indices on NSE traded mixed with gains led by Nifty PSU bank and Nifty private bank up 0.53 per cent and 0.75 per cent, respectively. Nifty media and realty were the top losers down 0.83 per cent and 0.75 per cent, respectively.
Immediate support for Nifty is placed around the 23,500–23,550 zone, while resistance is seen near the 23,850–23,900 range, market participants said. Immediate support for Bank Nifty is placed around the 53,300–53,500 zone, while resistance is seen near the 54,400–54,500 range.
Analysts noted that market activity is majorly marked by buying on dips and selling on rallies, probably led by institutional activity.
Brent crude declining to below $105 and rupee appreciating to 96.20 from 96.96 level are positive developments, they added.
Broader market activity shows an optimistic trend due to positive quarterly earnings from small and midcaps.
Asia-Pacific markets traded higher Friday over investor optimism regarding diplomatic efforts in reaching a peace deal in the Middle East.
Tehran said it remains committed to keeping enriched uranium stockpiles within the country, according to reports, which could pose challenges in concluding a deal with Washington, as US President Donald Trump continues to claim dismantling Iran’s nuclear programme as his central military objective.
In Asian markets, China’s Shanghai index gained 0.33 per cent, and Shenzhen added 1.2 per cent, Japan’s Nikkei advanced 2.29 per cent, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index inched up 0.9 per cent. South Korea’s Kospi added 0.17 per cent.
The US markets ended in green overnight as Nasdaq gained 0.09 per cent. The S&P 500 advanced 0.17 per cent, and the Dow Jones added 0.55 per cent.
On May 21, foreign institutional investors (FIIs) net sold equities worth Rs 1,891 crore, while domestic institutional investors (DIIs) net bought equities worth Rs 2,492 crore.
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