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Fake news on social media adds to challenges in maintaining electoral integrity

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New Delhi, Oct 31: In 2020, the Bihar Assembly election was announced even as the country was coming out of the Coronavirus pandemic and citizens were slowly stepping out of a ‘lockdown’; and when the worldwide web proved to be the most effective means of communication.

While the poll process had to be undertaken on time in keeping with the rules in a Parliamentary democracy, the Election Commission had to issue strictures on physical campaigns to adhere to health and hygiene safety protocols. As the election campaign and political outreach further increased on the internet, fraudsters sharpened their skills on the internet. Election propaganda was infiltrated with fake news meant to influence voters. Some were detected, some were not.

But as technology brought election information on mobile screens, it also introduced with it the underbelly of false and fraudulent data and content. Misinformation and disinformation on social media evolved among challenges against maintaining electoral integrity, along with money, muscle, including violations of the Model Code of Conduct. However, the Bihar election 2020 was conducted successfully against all odds.

Now, the 2025 Assembly polls will be the first among state elections to be held after the Election Commission launched a “register” for information on false and misleading information during the process, with answers to frequently asked questions. The poll body launched a “Myth vs Reality Register” on April 2, 2024, a few days ahead of the Lok Sabha polls that year. It will be updated with information with inputs from the coming exercises collected through the Commission’s monitoring sources.

However, with the advancement in technology and the vastness of the worldwide web, monitoring and sharing such fake-bursting information is time-consuming, proving difficult sometimes.

In August this year, the Election Commission dismissed news circulating on various social media platforms claiming that the poll body had suddenly removed e-voter rolls of many states from its website. The Commission added that anyone can download the electoral rolls for any of the 36 States and Union Territories through its website ‘voters.eci.gov.in’.

On October 24, the poll body released an advisory, specifying guidelines on the use of AI-generated content for election campaigning ahead of the Bihar Assembly election this year. Fake news on the internet is not recent, though the extended use of social media and video communication applications increased during the pandemic-induced lockdown.

A few years ago, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that false news travels significantly faster and wider online than real news. Their findings were published in the journal Science, which revealed, “Fake news spreads faster than true news on Twitter (renamed X) – thanks to people, not bots.” It added that such posts containing falsehoods were 70 per cent more likely to be retweeted than truthful tweets.

The researchers analysed a huge dataset, comprising about 1,26,000 news cascades on X (then Twitter) that encompassed over 45 lakh tweets by around 30 lakh users between 2006 and 2017.

To ensure accuracy, the study relied on the assessments of six independent fact-checking organisations, resulting in a high degree of consensus on the veracity of the news stories.

Notably, fake news was found to be particularly prevalent in the political arena.

“Whether in India, the UK, or the United States, where social media is extensively used to reach out to a certain section of voters, you will find such misinformation and disinformation,” said Dr Sambit Pal, In-Charge Director at the International School of Broadcasting and Journalism, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune.

“Fake news has become an integral part of political communication everywhere. In India, social media has been used aggressively by political parties with a dedicated IT department to microtarget voters and change the narrative. Here, many supporters misuse the process to suit their own narrative,” added Dr Pal, who is also part of the India Training Network of Google News Initiative, conducting workshops on fact-checking and fake news verification.

Crime

Deported narco-trafficking kingpin Navpreet Singh sent to 10-day police custody

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New Delhi, Oct 3: A Delhi court on Saturday remanded alleged international narcotics trafficking accused Navpreet Singh to 10 days of police custody after he was deported from Turkey and brought back to India in connection with a major drug trafficking case.

Singh was produced before the Rouse Avenue Court in New Delhi following his deportation from Turkey, where he was allegedly living under the identity of Navab Virk.

Seeking his custodial remand, the police said that his questioning was required as part of the ongoing investigation into the alleged international narcotics trafficking network and to ascertain the role of other accused and the wider network.

However, the defence opposed the police remand plea, saying that there was no need for further custodial interrogation.

Advocate Asgar Khan, appearing for Singh, told the court that the police had already recorded his statement while he was in custody and that further investigation could proceed on the basis of the statement.

“We presented our arguments against the police remand before the court, but the court granted it,” Khan told media.

Navpreet Singh has been accused by investigating agencies of being linked to an international drug trafficking network allegedly operating between Afghanistan, India and Turkey.

According to the investigation, Singh was allegedly operating as a key handler of the network from Turkey and was accused of facilitating the trafficking of heroin and methamphetamine from Afghanistan to India.

His name had also surfaced in connection with a major narcotics case that came to light in Delhi in 2021, in which investigators recorded the recovery of around 355.5 kg of heroin from the accused persons.

Investigating agencies have claimed that Singh used the identity “Navab Virk” and obtained Turkish citizenship under the assumed identity while continuing to operate the alleged narcotics network.

Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Saturday described Singh’s deportation from Turkey as a “historic milestone” for the Narendra Modi-led Union government.

In a post on social media platform X, Home Minister Shah said that Singh had obtained Turkish citizenship under the alleged fake identity of Navab Virk and continued to smuggle heroin and methamphetamine to India from Afghanistan.

“Our agencies tracked him down, ripping apart veil after veil to unmask his true identity, and secured his deportation. Today he has been brought back to India and put behind bars in connection with cases involving drug trafficking and other crimes he is accused of. Congratulations to all the agencies for this success,” the Union Minister added.

Union Minister Shah also said that the Central government was committed to destroying every narco-cartel before December 2029.

The Ministry of Home Affairs said Singh’s deportation was part of the Centre’s efforts to bring back fugitives involved in serious criminal cases.

The development comes months after suspected drug trafficker Mohammad Salim Dola was brought back to India from Turkey.

Earlier, fugitive Prabhdeep Singh was also brought back from Azerbaijan in connection with a major narcotics case involving the recovery of a large quantity of heroin.

The investigation against Navpreet Singh and other accused is underway.

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National News

SP changes 2 MLC candidates in UP; fields Akash Agrawal, Sanjay Tripathi

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Lucknow, Oct 3: Ahead of the upcoming Member of Legislative Council (MLC) elections in Uttar Pradesh, the Samajwadi Party (SP) on Saturday announced changes to two of its candidates, replacing the candidates earlier named for the Agra and Gorakhpur-Faizabad teachers’ constituencies.

The SP withdrew the candidature of Ram Prakash Gupta, who had earlier been announced as the party’s candidate from the Agra division. He has now been replaced by Akash Agrawal, the outgoing teachers’ MLC who recently joined the Samajwadi Party.

According to the party, the decision to field Agrawal was influenced by his support among teachers as well as his organisational standing at the local level.

The party has also changed its candidate for the Gorakhpur-Faizabad teacher constituency.

Sanjay Tripathi has emerged as the new SP candidate after the party earlier announced Kamlesh Yadav for the seat.

SP President Akhilesh Yadav said that the changes had been made with the consent of the concerned leaders.

While welcoming the newly selected candidates, he also expressed gratitude to the candidates who had initially been announced by the party for the two constituencies.

Akhilesh Yadav thanked Kamlesh Yadav and Prakash Chandra Gupta, along with their families and supporters, for their cooperation and support for the party’s decision.

He said that he would remain “forever grateful” to them for standing by the party.

The SP Chief also said that both the previously announced candidates would be assigned appropriate responsibilities at the appropriate time.

The party had earlier named Kamlesh Yadav as its candidate for the Gorakhpur-Faizabad teacher constituency and Prakash Chandra Gupta for the Agra teacher constituency. With the latest changes, the SP has replaced both candidates and brought in new faces for the two seats.

Voting for these two constituencies, along with 11 other Legislative Council seats falling under the teacher and graduate quota, is scheduled to take place on October 23. The counting of votes will be conducted on October 27.

“The arrival of these two experienced leaders will strengthen the party in the elections,” Akhilesh Yadav said, while appealing to SP workers to extend their full support to the new candidates and work towards ensuring the victory of all party nominees.

The selection of Sanjay Tripathi for the Gorakhpur-Faizabad seat is particularly significant in the context of the ongoing political contest. Tripathi had reportedly been seeking a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ticket during the election campaign.

After the BJP nominated Dhruv Tripathi for the constituency, Sanjay Tripathi distanced himself from the party and announced that he would contest the election as an independent candidate.

The Samajwadi Party subsequently fielded him as its candidate, bringing him into the party’s electoral fold for the MLC contest.

Akash Agrawal, meanwhile, has previously served as an Independent MLC from the Agra Teachers’ constituency. His term is also among those coming to an end with the present election, making the SP’s decision to nominate him significant as the party seeks to utilise his previous electoral experience and support base among teachers in the region.

During the announcement of the candidates, Akhilesh Yadav also launched an attack on the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh. He alleged that BJP members had fraudulently secured votes and raised questions about the functioning of the state’s governance, administration and policing systems over the past 10 years.

The SP Chief also alleged that action under the Goonda Act would be taken against a person who posted a video on social media showing a flooded road in Gorakhpur.

Referring to the murder of a wrestler in Sant Kabir Nagar, Akhilesh Yadav said that several such incidents had taken place across the state.

Citing comments made by the Supreme Court regarding the police system, the SP Chief added, “The police system in the state has deteriorated.”

He also indicated that education and the examination system would be among the key issues that the party would raise during the upcoming elections.

He alleged that paper leaks had increased during the BJP government’s tenure and claimed that discrimination had taken place in government recruitment and jobs.

Akhilesh Yadav said the Samajwadi Party would include issues concerning ad-hoc teachers, unaided teachers, Shiksha Mitras and the old pension scheme in its manifesto.

He also questioned the condition of the state’s healthcare system and said that the SP would provide free treatment to poor people if it returned to power.

“If the Samajwadi Party forms the government, free treatment will be provided to the poor,” he said.

The SP President also placed the party’s PDA, referring to the alliance of backward, Dalit and minority communities, at the centre of its electoral campaign.

He said the Samajwadi Party, along with the INDIA bloc, had defeated the BJP in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections and claimed that the BJP would not be able to withstand the strength of the PDA in the upcoming Assembly elections.

“Youth lack adequate jobs and employment opportunities, and unemployment is rising… During the Samajwadi Party government, laptops were provided to youth, and today, these same youth are questioning the government through mobile phones and laptops,” Akhilesh Yadav added.

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International News

Capt Smit Machchhar under excellent medical care, recovering well: Indian Embassy in UAE

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Abu Dhabi, Oct 3: Captain Smit Machchhar, the brave Indian pilot of flydubai flight FZ1073, is responding well to treatment and continues to receive medical attention, the Indian Embassy in the UAE said on Saturday.

The mission said it was coordinating with his family and local authorities. It also thanked the UAE government for the care being extended to him.

“Indian braveheart Capt. Smit remains under excellent medical care & is recovering well. We are in touch with his family & local authorities, extending support for a speedy recovery. Our thanks to UAE gov. for their care. We join well-wishers in praying for his good health,” the Indian mission posted on X.

Captain Machchhar was injured while preventing a mid-air attack on Wednesday aboard the flydubai flight from Dubai to Israel.

During the incident, another pilot stabbed Captain Machchhar and the aircraft began to plummet.

The Indian pilot fought the assailant bravely and opened the cockpit door, following which passengers rushed to assist, entered the cockpit and overpowered the attacker.

Once the attacker was subdued, the seriously wounded Indian pilot was stabilised until the aircraft made an emergency landing in Saudi Arabia.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday spoke with Captain Machchhar over a video call, praising his courage, presence of mind and composure during the mid-air incident in which he helped save the lives of passengers and crew members.

During the conversation, PM Modi said the country could proudly say that Indians are not those who take lives, but those who are willing to risk their own lives to save others.

PM Modi began the conversation by asking about Captain Machchhar’s health and said the entire country was praying for his speedy recovery.

“The whole country is praying for you. Maha Mrityunjaya Jaap is being performed for you and your health. Your courage, presence of mind and composure saved many lives. The country can proudly say that Indians are not those who take lives, but those who are willing to risk their lives to save others,” PM Modi said.

Captain Machchhar nodded and responded, “Yes, sir.”

The Indian pilot has also received recognition from across the world, with leaders and people lauding his bravery and actions that helped save hundreds of lives during the mid-air attack.

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